The Analysis of Equivalence at The Level of Words Between Source Text and Translation based on Baker’s Theory: Ayatollah Khamenei’s Lectures on Palestine

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 M.A. in Arabic Language Translation, Faculty of Humanities, Damghan University, Iran, Damghan

2 PhD in Arabic Language and Literature, Assistant professor, Arabic Language Translation, Faculty of Humanities, Damghan University, Iran, Damghan

Abstract

The concept of equivalence in translation has long been a bone of contention. This article provides a number of examples of situations in which producing equivalence in translation may be a challenge, e.g., when faced with culture-specific words, differences in expressive meaning between languages, differences in form, or words not (yet) lexicalized in the target language. Some of the strategies of producing what the translator considers equivalence include using a cultural substitution, a loanword, a loan translation, a less expressive word, a paraphrase, or an explanation. The translator may even choose to omit an aspect of meaning which, if transposed into the target language, would merely distract the reader from the key message. overall, it seems that equivalence in translation is not something that exists, but something the translator has to create.
If the language is a set of names used for naming, then language users can replace the Arabic name with a Persian name that conveys the meaning. If the language is similar to what has been said, learning a new language will be easy, but anyone who has learned a language has realized that languages are not just a collection of nouns, and that language concepts can be different from concepts in another language.

Keywords

References

  1. Al-Khamenei, S. A. (2012). Ayatollah Al-Imam Al-Khamenei’s Lectures on Palestine. With the efforts of Saeed Solh Mirzaei. Tehran: Ruhollah Sons International Institute for Culture and Arts [In Persian]
  2. Anoushirvani, A. R. (2005). Vocabulary equivalence in the translation of religious texts: Challenges and solutions. Research in Contemporary World Literature. 10 (28), 19-34 [In Persian].
  3. Baker, M. (1992). In Other Words: A Coursebook on translation. London and New York: Routledge
  4. Baker, M. (2011). In Other Words: A coursebook on translation. (2nd ed). London and New York: Routledge
  5. Bolinger, D. & Sears, D. (1968/1981). Aspects of Language. New York: Harcourt Jovanovich
  6. Catford, J. C. (1965). A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistics. London: Oxford University Press
  7. Cruse, D. A. (1986). Lexical Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  8. Dryden, John (1989) Metaphrase, paraphrase and imitation. In A. Chesterman (ed.) Readings in Translation Theory (pp. 7-12). Helsinki: Oy Finn Lectura
  9. Gentzler, E. (1993). Contemporary Translation Theories. London and New York: Routledge
  10. Halliday, M. A. K. (1985). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold
  11. Hatim, B. & Mason, I. (1990). Discourse and the Translator. London: Longman
  12. Hatim, B. & Mason, I. (1997). The Translator as Communicator. London: Routledge
  13. Jahngir, M. (2021). Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Douran [In Persian].
  14. Khamenei, S. A. (2013). Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei’s Lectures on Palestine, Leader of the Islamic Revolution. With the efforts of Saeed Solh Mirzaei. (4nd ed). Tehran: Islamic Revolution [In Persian].
  15. Koller, W. (1992). Einführung in die übersetzungswissenschaft. (4nd ed). UTB. Quelle und Meyer: Heidelberg
  16. Koller, W. (1995). The Concept of Equivalence and the Object of Translation Studies. Target, 7(2). 191-222.
  17. Lederer, M. (2017). La traduction aujourd’hui. (F. Mirza Ebrahim Tehrani, Trans.). (1nd ed). Tehran: Qatre [In Persian].
  18. McCreary, D. R. (1986). Improving Bilingual Japanese-English and English-Japanese Dictionaries. Papers in Linguistics, 19(1), 55-66.
  19. Mirhaji, H. R., Marami. J. & Amani, R. (2011). Pragmatics of Principle of Lexicons Translation Equivalence in Quran Translation Process. Arabic Literature. 3 (2), 137-164 [In Persian].
  20. Muiqat, A. (1997). Linguistics and translation: semantic problems in translation from Arabic to English. First Edition. Aleppo: Arabi Al-Qalam [In Arabic].
  21. Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (1969). The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill
  22. Pergnier, M. (1976). Le fondements sociolinguistiques de la traduction. Honoré Champion: Paris
  23. Pym, A. (1992). Translation and Text Transfer. Frankfurt: Peter Lang
  24. Pym, A. (1995). European Translation Studies, une science qui dérange, and Why Equivalence Needn’t be a Dirty Word. TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction, 8 (1). 153-76.
  25. Snell-Hornby, M. (1988). Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins
  26. The Holy Qur’an. (2009) (M. Ellahi Ghomshei, Trans.) Qom: Osveh [In Arabic & Persian].
  27. Toury, G. (1980). In Search of a Theory of Translation. Tel Aviv: Porter Institute
  28. Valipour, V. (2004). A Survey of Theories Regarding Translation Equivalence. Literary Text Research. 7 (18), 62-73 [In Persian].
  29. Vinay, J. P., & Darbelnet, J. (1995). Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation (Juan C. Sager & M. J. Hamel, Trans.), Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  30. Zgusta, L. (1971). Manual of Lexicography. The Hague: Mouton

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics