Affixoids: Evidence from Persian

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Assistant professor of linguistics, Department of Linguistics, A faculty member of PNU University, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD in general linguistics, Lecturer at Medical Imaging Department, Allied Medicine Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Some evidence from Persian supports the existence of constituents that show properties of affixoids or what might be referred to as semi-affixes. These constitutes can stand independently but, in combination with certain nouns, show a rather notable distribution and, in that context, behave like a derivational affix. In such contexts, there is a semantic change in the derived form when an affixoid is added to a base. Regarding the frequency of affixoids in Persian, it is observed that their usage is also very frequent in sentences and phrases as independent words. There are several affixoids attested in Persian but only a few will be discussed here as representative examples. It can be argued that affixoids hold an independent status in linguistic literature as a semi-category. In this paper, some affixoids from Persian will be discussed as they might be prefixoids or suffixoids. All examples are from spoken and written Persian.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ascppo, K., & Leuschner, T. (2006). Affixoidhungrig? Skitbra! Comparing affixoids in Swedish and German. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung, 59, 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2006.59.3.241
Booij, G. (2000). Inflection and derivation. In G. Booij, Ch. Lehmann, J. Mugdan, W. Kesselheim, & S. Skopeteas (Eds.), Morphologie/Morphology (Vol. 1, pp. 360-369). De Gruyter.
Booij, G. (2010). Construction morphology. Oxford University Press.
Booij, G., & Hüning, M. (2014). Affixoids and constructional idioms. In R. Boogaart, T. Colleman, & G. Rutten (Eds.), Extending the scope of construction grammar (pp. 77-106). Mouton de Gruyter.
Braun, F., & Haig, G. (2000). The noun/adjective distinction in Turkish: An empirical approach. In A. Göksel & C. Kerslake (Eds.), Studies on Turkish and Turkic Languages: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Turkish Linguistics (pp. 85-92). Harrassowitz Verlag.
Decroos, N., & Leuschner, T. (2008). Wortbildung zwischen System und Norm: Affixoiden im Deutschen und im Niederländischen. Sprachwissenschaft, 33(1), 1-34. https://lib.ugent.be/catalog/pug01:408617
Elsen, H. (2009). Affixoide: Nur was benannt wird, kann auch verstanden warden. Deutsche Sprache, 37, 316-333.
https://doi.org/10.37307/j.1868-775X.2009.04.03
Hartmann, S. (2016, August 31-September 3). Compound constituents or affixoids? An exploration of German compound landscapes [Conference presentation]. 49th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Haspelmath, M. (1999). Why is grammaticalization irreversible? Linguistics, 37(6), 1043-1068. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.37.6.1043
Kastovsky, D. (2006). Typological change in derivational morphology. In A. V. Kemenade & B. Los (Eds.), The handbook of the history of English (pp. 151-177). Blackwell Publishing.
Kenesi, I. (2007). Semiwords and affixoids: The territory between word and affix. Acta Linguistica Hungarica, 54(3), 263-293.
             https://doi.org/10.1556/ALing.54.2007.3.2
Leuschner, T., & Wante, E. (2009). Personale Suffixoide im Deutschen und Niederlandischen. Germanistische Mitteilungen, 70, 59-73.
             https://libstore.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/414/842/RUG01-001414842_2010_0001_AC.pdf
Leuschner, T. (2010). Ausnahmepianist fettgeschreckt – inbleich! Deutsche, niederländische und schwedische präfixoide im Spanningsfeld von Genealogie, Kreativität und Norm. In A. Dammel, S. Kürschner, & D. Nübling (Eds.), Kontrastive Germanische Linguistik (Vol. 2, pp. 863-892). Georg Olms Verlag.
Lightfoot, D. (2011). Grammaticalization and lexicalization. In H. Narrog & B. Heine (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of grammaticalization (pp. 438-449). Oxford University Press.
Melissaropoulou, D. (2015). Evaluative morphology in Greek. In N. Grandi & L. Kortvelyessy (Eds.), Handbook of evaluative morphology (pp. 269-277). Edinburgh University Press.
Naghzguy-Kohan, M., & Davari, S. (2012). Affixoidation. Journal of Comparative Linguistic Researches, 3, 65-85. https://rjhll.basu.ac.ir/article_35.html?lang=en
Nespor, M., & Ralli, A. (1996). Morphology-phonology interface: Stress domains in Greek compounds. The Linguistic Review, 16, 357-382.
             https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1996.13.3-4.357
Norde, M. (2009). Degrammaticalization. Oxford University Press.
Ralli, A. (2008). Compound markers and parametric variation. Linguistic Typology and Universals, STUF, 61, 19-38. https://doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2008.0004
Ralli, A. (2013). Compounding in Modern Greek. Springer.
Ralli, A. (2020). Affixoids: An interguing intermediate category. In L. Körtvelyessy & P. Stekauer (Eds.), Complex words (page numbers needed). Cambridge University Press.
Ruppenhofer, J., Wiegand, M., & Wilm, R. (2018). Distinguishing affixoid formations from compounds. In E. M. Bender, L. Derczynski, & P. Isabelle (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (pp. 3853-3865).
Schmidt, G. D. (1987). Das Affixoid. Zur Notwendigkeit und Brauchbarkeit eines beliebten Zwischenbegriffs der Wortbildung. In R. Wimmer & G. Zifonun (Eds.), Deutsche Lehnwortbildung: Beiträge zur Erforschung der Wortbildung mit entlehnten WB-Einheiten im Deutschen (pp. 53-101). Narr.
Stevense, C. (2000). The derivational suffixes and suffixoids of Old Saxon: A panchronic approach to a linguistic category. American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literature, 12, 53-79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1040820700002808
Van Goethem, K. (2010). The French Nouveau + past participle revisited: Arguments in favour of a prefixoid analysis of nouveau. Folia Linguistica, 44, 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1515/flin.2010.006
Van Goethem, K. (2016). Debonding of affixoids: A comparative constructionist account. In A. Ralli, B. D. Joseph, M. Janse, N. Koutsoukos, & S. Bompolas (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Modern Greek Dialects and Linguistic Theory. Laboratory of Modern Greek Dialects, University of Patras.
Ruppenhofer, J., Wiegand, M., Wilm, R., & Markert, K. (2018). Distinguishing affixoid formations from compounds. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (pp. 3853-3865).
Zahab Nazoory, S., Najafian, A., Zandi, B., & Sabzevari, M. (2020). Persian prefixoids: A cognitive analysis. Journal of Language Research, 10(2), 83-105.
          https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2019.273141.666454
ZABANPAZHUHI (Journal of Language Research)
Volume 16, Issue 53
January 2025
Pages 151-171

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics