نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگاه سازمان میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری
2 هیئت علمی پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری
چکیده
مفهوم مالکیت یکی از مفاهیم جهانی و قابلِ بررسی در گونه های زبانی مختلف است. این مفهوم، به دو صورت اسمی و گزارهای بیان میشود. در مقالۀ پیش رو، ساخت گزارۀ ملکی در زبان شهمیرزادی بر پایۀ رویکرد نقشی- رده شناختی بررسی شده‌است. به این منظور، ابتدا پرسش نامهای تهیه شد تا از طریق مصاحبه با گویشوران این زبان، دادههای مورد نظر گردآوری شود. همچنین از چارچوب نظری استیسن (Stassen, 2009) بهره گرفته شد که چهار ردۀ زبانی برای ساخت مالکیت گزارهای ارائه کرده‌است. این چهار رده، مشتمل بر ردة مالکیت مکانی، مالکیت بایی، مالکیت مبتدایی و مالکیت با فعل «داشتن» هستند. تمامی این رده های چهارگانه در زبان شهمیرزادی بررسی شدند. یافته های به‌دست‌آمده از تحلیل داده‌ها نشان میدهد که در گونة شهمیرزادی سه رده از بین چهار ردۀ مورد نظرِ چارچوب نظری، برای رمزگذاری گزارههای ملکی به کار گرفته می‌شوند. ردۀ مبتدایی در این گونة زبانی کاربردی ندارد و گویشوران تمایل دارند از ردۀ مالکیت با فعل «داشتن» به جای مالکیت مکانی و بایی استفاده کنند. بر این مبنا، ردة مالکیت با فعل «داشتن» فراوانی کاربرد بالاتری نسبت به سایر ردهها دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Predicative Possession in Shahmirzadi Language:A typological Survey
نویسندگان [English]
- Pooneh Mostafavi 1
- sanaati sanaati 2
1 Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism
چکیده [English]
1. Introduction
Possession is one of the universals in linguistics; it can be encoded in nominative and predicative forms. Stassen (2009) proposed four types of predicative possession: locative possession, ‘with’ possession, topic possession and 'have' possession. Present article studies predicative possession construction in Shahmirzadi language based on typological-functional approach; it tries to answer this question: “which types of predicative possession strategies are used in Shahmirzadi language? A questionnaire was prepared for this survey and data was gathered by interviewing native speakers of Shahmirzadi. The questionnaire contains 53 sentences which are positive and includes predicative possessions with “be” and “have”.
Types of predicative possession in Shahmirzadi
As mentioned previously, Stassen (2009) proposed four types of predicative possession:
1-Locative possession: At/ to PR (there) is/exist a PE
2-“with” possession: PR is/exist with a PE
3-Topic possession: (As for) PR, PE is/exist
4- “have” possession: PR has a PE
Analysis of the collected data and examination of Stassen’s proposed classification pertaining to predicative possession, indicate that Shahmirzadi language chooses three types of predicative possession construction which are provided in theoretical framework of the article; there is no topic possession in Shahmirzadi language and according to the statistical analysis of the results, the speakers tend to use ‘have’ possession more than locative and ‘with’ possession, therefore the frequency of 'have' possession is more than other types. Some data in Shahmirzadi possession predicative are as follows:
Table 1- Shahmirzadi data
Types of predicative possession
Shahmirzadi
English
Locative
ʔæme xune dælæ yæk xürde ʔ ötaq dæræ
We have a small room in our house.
With
yæk piremærd dæræ ba sæfəd-ə mi ö dæraz-e riš
The old man has white hair and long beard.
Topic
-
-
have
ʔin šæhr čæn-ta mædrəsə dan-æ
This city has some schools.
Conclusion and discussion
Having studied different aspects of examples and data in corpus, we came up with the following results:
1-Locative possession is used in Shahmirzadi language but the speakers tend to convert locative possession to “have” possession. They convert 84% of locative possession data to “have” possession. The Possessee is the subject of the sentence and the possessor is oblique. The oblique case is shown by the postposition in this language.
2-Although the frequency of “with” possession in this language is very low, this type of predicative possession is present in Shahmirzadi anyway. The speakers tend to convert 70% 0f “with” possession data to “have” possession; in this type the possessor is the subject of the sentence and the possessee has oblique case.
3-There is no topic possession in Shahmirzadi language.
4- Statistical analysis of “have” possession in corpus shows that the frequency of this type of possession is high in Shahmirzadi and the speakers tend to convert other types to this type of predicative possession; in this type the possessor is the subject/agent and the possessee is object/patient of the sentence.
Table 2- The semantic map of predicative in Shahmirzadi Language
Have
Topic
With (commitive)
Locative
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Keywords: Possession
- Predicative Possession
- Locative Possession
- With Possession
- Topic Possession
- ʻHaveʼ Possession
- Shahmirzadi Language
- Predicative Possession in Shahmirzadi Language: A typological Survey
)