تحلیل صوت‌شناختی پارامترهای تأثیرگذار بر گوناگونی های بین-گوینده در گویشوران دوزبانۀ فارسی-انگلیسی*

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دکترای تخصصی زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر بر آن است بر مبنای رویکرد صوت‌شناختی و در چارچوب مقایسۀ قضایی گوینده به بررسی مجموع ه­ای از پارامترهای صوت‌شناختی تأثیرگذار بر گوناگونی های بین-گوینده در گویندگان دوزبانۀ فارسی-انگلیسی بپردازد تا از میان آن­ها بهترین و مناسب‌ترین پارامترهای صوت‌شناختی فردویژه مشخص شود. به این منظور، استخراج پارامترهای صوت‌شناختی فرکانس پایه و فرکانس سازه‌های اول تا چهارم از طریق استخراج همة واکه‌های زنجیره‌های آوایی از پیکرۀ آوایی میراث که شامل صدای افراد دوزبانۀ فارسی-انگلیسی در دو سبک خوانداری و بداهه است، انجام پذیرفت. سنجش مقادیر فرکانس پایه و فرکانس سازهای اول، دوم، سوم و چهارم  به‌شیوۀ بلندمدت انجام شد. نمونه‌های آوایی با استفاده از برنامة پرات (ویرایش ۶.۲.۰۹) مورد تجزیه‌ و تحلیل صوت‌شناختی قرار گرفت. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آر (ویرایش ۴.۱.۰) انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تفاوت معنادارای میان پارامترهای صوت‌شناختی مورد بررسی در دو زبان فارسی و انگلیسی و نیز دو سبک گفتاری خوانداری و بداهه وجود دارد. با این حال، این پارامترها همچنان در نشان دادن گوناگونی‌های بین-گوینده عملکرد مناسبی داشته‌اند. فرکانس پایه، فرکانس سازۀ اول و فرکانس سازۀ سوم در هر دو گروه زنان و مردان بهتر توانسته‌اند گویشوران دوزبانۀ فارسی-انگلیسی را از یک‌دیگر متمایز کنند. همچنین همبستگی اندک میان فرکانس پایه با فرکانس سازه‌های اول و سوم نمایانگر آن است که این پارامترها اطلاعات متفاوتی در مورد صدای گویندگان منتقل می‌کنند؛ در نتیجه، ترکیب آن‌ها می‌تواند در امر تشخیص هویت گوینده مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Acoustic analysis of parameters affecting the between-speaker variability in Persian-English bilinguals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Homa Asadi 1
  • Maral Asiaee 2
  • Batool Alinezhad 3
1 Assistant Professor in General Linguistics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Ph.D. in General Linguistics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor in General Linguistics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Human voices are unique, and for this reason, speakers can be identified by their voices. This shows that speech sounds contain speaker-specific information that can be reflected in the acoustic properties of speech signals. There are many individuals around the world who speak two or more languages, adding a fascinating dimension of variability to language perception and production. However, it remains unclear whether bilinguals alter their voice when switching between languages. A holistic view of bilingualism suggests that bilinguals are an integrated whole that cannot be separated into distinct parts; instead, they possess their own specific linguistic configuration (Grosjean, 1989). Moreover, languages differ in their segment inventories, rules of segmental combinations, as well as spectral and rhythmic characteristics of speech. Speaking styles can also contribute to within-speaker variability in acoustic parameters. Despite these factors, little is known about the influence of language and speaking style on within- and between-speaker vocal variability. This study aims to investigate how acoustic features, specifically long-term F0 and long-term formant frequencies (F1-F4), contribute to speaker individuality in Persian-English bilingual speakers and to what extent these features can discriminate between bilingual speakers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acoustic Phonetics
  • Bilingual Speaker Identification
  • Formant Frequency
  • Fundamental Frequency

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