رویکرد صرف ساخت‌بنیاد به تحلیل صفت‌های مرکب ساخته‌شده از «-ساز» در فارسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکترای زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر کوشش شد تا طرحواره‌های ساخت‌بنیاد مربوط به واژه‌های مرکب ساخته‌شده توسط ستاک حال فعل «ساز» در فارسی را در چارچوب نظریه صرف ساخت‌بنیاد مشخص کنیم (بوی، 2010). به این منظور، تعداد ۱۵۰ واژه مرکب از منبع‌های گوناگون از جمله پیکره فارسی بیجن‌خان، رمان‌های فارسی و برخی از وبگاه‌های فارسی گردآوری شد. پس از گردآوری داده‌ها، آن‌ها را بر اساس عناصر پیش‌کلامی جدول‌بندی و از یک‌دیگر متمایز کردیم. پس از آن، مقایسه‌ای انجام شد و در نتیجه نشان داده شد که می‌توان یک طرحواره کلی ساخت‌بنیاد داشت که ۵ زیرطرحواره را در درون خود دارد. بی‌گمان، طرحواره گسترده بیانگر ساختی است که توسط آن یک اسم (عنصر ما قبل فعل) با عنصر فعلی (ستاک ِ  حال ِ  فعل ِ  «ساز») ترکیب می شود و صفتی می‌سازد که دلالت بر فاعل یک فعل دارد، یعنی عامل ساختن یک شی. با این وجود، در میان همة داده‌ها دو استثنا وجود داشت: یکی واژه مرکبی که با وجود شباهت به ترکیبات دیگر از نظر ساخت، نقش معنایی کنش‌پذیر را نشان می‌دهد: «دست‌ساز»، اشاره به شیئی که با دست ساخته می‌شود و همچنین ترکیب «جاساز». (شیء جاسازی‌شده)، در حالی که در دیگر ترکیبات، ستاک به‌معنای عاملی است که ایجاد می‌کند یا می‌سازد. در نتیجه، همان‌گونه که انتظار می‌رود، دو طرحواره ساخت‌بنیاد گسترده به دست آمده‌است: یکی مربوط به کنشگر و دیگری مربوط به کنش‌ور.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Construction Morphology Approach to the Analysis of Compound Adjectives Made of Sāz (Builder) in Persian

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zolfa Imani 1
  • Fariba Ghatreh 2
  • Somayyeh Hannan 3
1 PhD in Linguistics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Linguistics, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD candidate of Linguistics, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the present study, we attempted to specify the constructional schemas relevant to the compounds made by the present stem ‘sāz’ in Persian within the framework of the construction morphology (Booij, 2010). To this end, 150 compounds were brought together from numerous sources, such as the Persian Corpus of Bijankhan, Persian novels as well as some Persian websites. Having collected the data, we tabulated and categorized them on the basis of the preverbal elements. Afterwards, a comparison was made, as a result of which it was indicated that there can be a general constructional schema inside which 5 sub-schemas can be placed. Certainly, the broad schema denotes the construction by which a noun (preverbal element) is combined with the verbal element (present stem sāz) to create an adjective that implies the agent of an action, namely the agent of building or making an object. However, there were two exceptions among the whole dataset: a compound in spite of resembling the other compounds regarding its construction denotes the semantic role of patient: dastsāz (handmade), referring to an object which is made by hands as well as the compound ʤāsāz (embedded object), whereas in other compounds, the stem means the agent that builds, creates or makes. Consequently, as might be expected, two broad constructional schemas have been obtained: one relevant to the agents and the other relevant to patients.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • compound
  • construction morphology
  • stem
  • schema
  • semantic aspect

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